The German Democratic Republic (GDR), also known as East Germany, issued several commemorative coins throughout its existence. Among these, the 20 Mark circulating commemorative coins from 1971-1973 hold a special place in numismatic history. These coins were not just collectible items but were also intended for everyday transactions, distinguishing them from purely commemorative issues.
Background and Purpose
In the early 1970s, the GDR sought to honor significant historical figures and events through its coinage. The 20 Mark coins issued during 1971-1973 were part of this initiative. Unlike many commemorative coins that were minted in limited numbers and primarily for collectors, these coins were released into general circulation, making them more accessible to the public.
The 20 Mark coins from this period shared the following characteristics:
Material: Copper-nickel alloy
Weight: 17 grams
Diameter: 33 mm
Edge: Inscribed with a phrase relevant to the subject of the coin
Obverse: Featured the emblem of the German Democratic Republic (a hammer and compass surrounded by a wreath of wheat)
Reverse: Depicted portraits or symbols associated with the individual or event being commemorated
Notable Issues (1971-1973)
Ernst Thälmann (1972)
Ernst Thälmann, a prominent leader of the Communist Party of Germany and an anti-fascist resistance fighter, was honored with a 20 Mark coin in 1972. Executed by the Nazis in 1944, Thälmann became a symbol of communist resistance. The reverse of the coin featured his portrait along with his name and lifespan (1886-1944).
Otto Grotewohl (1973)
Otto Grotewohl, the first Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic, was commemorated with a 20 Mark coin in 1973. A key figure in the foundation of the GDR, Grotewohl played a significant role in the early years of East Germany’s governance. The reverse of the coin featured his portrait along with his name and lifespan (1894-1964).
20 Mark 100th Anniversary - Birth of Heinrich Mann (1971)
Heinrich Mann, a prominent German writer and anti-fascist intellectual, was honored with a 20 Mark coin in 1971. Best known for works such as "Professor Unrat" and his political activism, Mann's legacy was celebrated through this commemorative issue. The reverse of the coin featured his portrait along with his name and lifespan (1871-1950).
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1971)
One of the most famous figures in German literature, Goethe was commemorated on a 20 Mark coin issued in 1971. The reverse featured a detailed portrait of Goethe along with his name and lifespan (1749-1832). The coin celebrated his contributions to German culture, particularly his works "Faust" and "The Sorrows of Young Werther."
Friedrich Schiller (1972)
Another literary giant, Friedrich Schiller, was honored with a 20 Mark coin in 1972. Schiller, best known for "Ode to Joy" and "William Tell," played a crucial role in shaping German literature and philosophy. His coin featured a striking portrait alongside his name and dates (1759-1805).
Karl Marx (1972)
As a key ideological figure behind socialism and communism, Karl Marx was a prominent subject for East German commemorative coins. The 20 Mark Karl Marx coin featured his iconic bearded visage, emphasizing his influence on the GDR’s political and economic ideology.
Wilhelm Pieck (1973)
The first and only President of the GDR, Wilhelm Pieck, was honored on a 20 Mark coin issued in 1973. The reverse depicted his portrait along with his name and lifespan (1876-1960). Pieck played a crucial role in the establishment of East Germany and was a key figure in the Socialist Unity Party.
While these coins were intended for circulation, many were hoarded due to their commemorative nature and artistic design. Today, they are sought after by collectors of both East German currency and world numismatics. Their value varies based on condition, demand, and historical interest.
The 20 Mark circulating commemorative coins of 1971-1973 offer a glimpse into East Germany’s cultural priorities and historical narratives. They serve as tangible reminders of an era when coinage was used not only for commerce but also as a medium for state-sponsored commemoration and ideological messaging.
For collectors and history enthusiasts, these coins remain an important part of the numismatic legacy of the German Democratic Republic. Whether admired for their craftsmanship, historical significance, or political symbolism, they provide valuable insights into the GDR's approach to currency and commemoration.
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